2012

Biodegradable and water-soluble polycarboxylates derived from starch Isananto Winursito

PDF 1-8

Pembuatan kulit jok (upholstery) ramah lingkungan untuk otomotif Suliestiyah Wiryodiningrat, Rihastiwi Setiya Murti, Iwan Fajar Pahlawan

PDF 9-17

Sifat mekanik dan morfologi termoplastik elastomer (TPE) hasil polipaduan NBR/PVC dan maleat anhidrat Arum Yuniari

PDF 18-25

Pengolahan air limbah industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan abu terbang bagas secara batch Muhammad Sholeh, Agus Prasetya, Sarto Sarto

PDF 26-34

Pengaruh filler PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) terhadap sifat mekanik, elektrik, termal dan morfologi dari komposit HDPE/PCC Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Arum Yuniari

PDF 35-43

Pemanfaatan limbah padat industri penyamakan kulit (shaving) untuk papan partikel polyvinyl chlorida Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih

PDF 44-50

Pemanfaatan limbah kulit ikan nila dari industri filet untuk kulit jaket Prayitno Prayitno, Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Nur Wachid Sahadi Pengaruh variasi rasio HAF/SRF terhadap sifat vulkanisat NBR Ihda Novia Indrajati, Indiah Ratna Dewi, Dodi Irwanto PDF 59-68 Pengaruh penggunaan lumpur limbah industri penyamakan kulit terhadap penyerapan krom pada tanaman sawi A. R. Budi Darmawan PDF 69-78 Pengaruh serbuk serat batang pisang sebagai filler terhadap sifat mekanis dari komposit PVC– CaCO3 Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih PDF 79-88 Spektroscopi FTIR dan sifat mekanik nanokomposit grafting HDPE dan nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) Arum Yuniari, Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti PDF 89-96 Pemanfaatan air olahan wetland di Sitimulyo dalam pembuatan kulit pikel domba Dwi Ningsih, Teguh Martianto, Syaiful Harjanto PDF 97-104 Pengaruh jumlah minyak terhadap sifat fisis kulit ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) untuk bagian atas sepatu Iwan Fajar Pahlawan, Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti PDF 105-112 Daur ulang limbah shaving industri penyamakan kulit untuk kertas seni Sri Sutyasmi PDF 113-121

PDF 51-59

2013

Karakterisasi kulit kambing pada persiapan penyamakan dengan gambir dan sifat kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan Anwar Kasim, Deni Novia, Sri Mutiar, Janwaris Pinem

PDF 1-12

Pemodelan matematis pengurangan COD dalam air limbah industri penyamakan kulit secara adsorpsi kontinyu menggunakan abu terbang bagas Agus Prasetya, Sarto Sarto, Muhammad Sholeh

PDF 13-20

Sifat fisika dan analisis gugus fungsi karet seal o-ring dari bahan termoplastik elastomer nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) dan polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Arum Yuniari, Nursamsi Sarengat

PDF 21-30

Penurunan COD air limbah industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan reagen fenton Muhammad Sholeh, Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih, Wahyu Pradana Arsitika

PDF 31-36

Pengurangan COD dan BOD limbah cair terolah industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan taman tanaman air dengan tanaman melati air Prayitno Prayitno

PDF 37-42

Efek ukuran, bentuk dan konsentrasi partikel precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) yang ditambahkan pada sifat mekanik komposit karet alam Ihda Novia Indrajati, Indiah Ratna Dewi, Ike Setyorini

PDF 43-52

Prototipe sistem peringatan dini berbasis SMS untuk mendeteksi kenaikan kadar gas amoniak di pengolahan air limbah industri penyamakan kulit Wahyu Pradana Arsitika, Rihastiwi Setiya Murti Pengaruh sulfur terhadap sifat fisika campuran pale crepe dan SBR untuk karet tahan panas Arum Yuniari, Nursamsi Sarengat, Sri Brataningsih Puji Lestari PDF 63-68 Penggunaan tanaman air (bambu air dan melati air) pada pengolahan air limbah penyamakan kulit untuk menurunkan beban pencemar dengan sistem wetland dan adsorpsi Sri Sutyasmi, Heru Budi Susanto PDF 69-76 Pembuatan vermikompos menggunakan limbah fleshing di industri penyamakan kulit Prayitno Prayitno PDF 77-84 Adsorpsi amonia dari limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan abu terbang bagas Rihastiwi Setiya Murti, Christiana Maria Herry Purwanti, Suyatini Suyatini PDF 85-90 Penggunaan enzim bacillus megatorium DSM-319 pada proses perendaman penyamakan kulit jaket R. Jaka Susila, Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Sri Sutyasmi PDF 91-98 Pembuatan kulit atasan sepatu bebas krom Widari Widari, Rambat Rambat, Suparti Suparti PDF 99-104 Rekayasa alat penyaring limbah cair model screw conveyor (Studi kasus: Laboratorium pengembangan penyamakan dan pengolahan limbah kulit Balai Besar Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik) Tri Rahayu Setyo Utami, M. Rahna Nurhandaru, Teguh Martianto PDF 105-110

PDF 53-61

2014

Sifat fisika dan morfologi nanokomposit ABS/PC dengan filler nano precipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) Dwi Wahini Nurhajati, Ike Setyorini, Sugihartono Sugihartono

PDF 1-6

Karakteristik sifat mekanik, ketahanan api dan pembakaran, dan morfologi nanokomposit campuran PVC dan LDPE Arum Yuniari

PDF 7-14

Pemanfaatan kembali air limbah terolah dengan sistem wetland untuk pembuatan kulit glace Sri Sutyasmi

PDF 15-22

Peningkatan kualitas air limbah terolah industri penyamakah kulit menggunakan taman tanaman air dengan tumbuhan bambu air Prayitno Prayitno, Muhammad Sholeh

PDF 23-28

Optimasi waktu reaksi pembentukan kompleks indofenol biru stabil pada uji n-amonia air limbah industri penyamakan kulit dengan metode fenat Rihastiwi Setiya Murti, Christiana Maria Herry Purwanti

PDF 29-34

Pemanfaatan limbah padat industri karet remah (crumb rubber) untuk pembuatan kompos Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih, Nursamsi Sarengat

PDF 35-42

Pengaruh rasio MBTS/ZDEC pada campuran karet alam dan etilen propilen diena yang dibuat dengan teknik kontrol migrasi curatives Ihda Novia Indrajati, Muhammad Sholeh Sifat elektrik dan termal nanokomposit poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) Arum Yuniari PDF 53-60 Lateks karet alam untuk sol sepatu: Metode pembuatan, sifat mekanik dan morfologi Indiah Ratna Dewi, Herminiwati Herminiwati PDF 61-70 Karakterisasi kulit kayu tingi (Ceriops tagal) sebagai bahan penyamak nabati Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti PDF 71-78 Pengurangan nitrogen pada limbah cair terolah industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan sistem wetland buatan Prayitno Prayitno PDF 79-86 Pemanfaatan kembali krom limbah shaving untuk penyamakan kulit Sri Sutyasmi, Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih PDF 87-94 Kinetika vulkanisasi campuran NR/EPDM dengan pendekatan model Deng-Isayev dan Kamal-Sorour Ihda Novia Indrajati, Muhammad Sholeh PDF 95-106 Optimasi proses finishing kulit ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) untuk bagian atas sepatu Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti PDF 107-114

PDF 43-52

2015

Pemanfaatan limbah kulit singkong termodifikasi alkanolamida sebagai bahan pengisi dalam produk lateks karet alam: Pengaruh waktu vulkanisasi Hamidah Harahap, Kelvin Hadinatan, Adrian Hartanto, Elmer Surya, Indra Surya PDF 1-8 Karakteristik plastik biodegradabel dari limbah plastik polipropilena dan pati biji durian Tengku Rachmi Hidayani, Elda Pelita, Dyah Nirmala PDF 9-14 Pembuatan bahan penyamak nano nabati dan aplikasinya dalam penyamakan kulit Herminiwati Herminiwati, Sri Waskito, Christiana Maria Herry Purwanti, Prayitno Prayitno, Dwi Ningsih PDF 15-22 Biokomposit dari serat rami dan sekresi kutu lak termodifikasi dengan lateks terhidrasi dan tidak terhidrasi Eli Rohaeti, Mujiyono Mujiyono, Rochmadi Rochmadi PDF 23-36 Pemanfaatan trimming kulit pikel sebagai flokulan melalui hidrolisis kolagen menggunakan basa untuk penjernihan air Sugihartono Sugihartono, Sri Sutyasmi, Prayitno Prayitno PDF 37-44 Pemanfaatan tanin dari kulit kayu tingi (Ceriops tagal) sebagai bahan penyamak nabati: pengaruh penambahan alum dan mimosa Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Sri Sutyasmi, Titik Purwati Widowati PDF 45-54 Kajian kualitas gambir dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik kulit tersamak Anwar Kasim, Alfi Asben, Sri Mutiar PDF 55-64 Pengaruh suhu vulkanisasi terhadap sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet alam dan karet akrilonitril-butadiena Norma Arisanti Kinasih, Muhammad Irfan Fathurrohman, Dadang Suparto

PDF 65-74

Pengaruh pemlastis nabati terhadap sifat elastomer termoplastik berbasis campuran karet alam/poli propilena Dwi Wahini Nurhajati, Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih, Nursamsi Sarengat

PDF 75-84

Pertumbuhan cacing tanah Eisenia fetida sp. Pada kompos limbah fleshing Prayitno Prayitno

PDF 85-92

Pengaruh pengawetan kulit ikan buntal (Arothon reticularis) terhadap suhu kerut ditinjau melalui analisis differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) R. Lukas Martindro Satrio Ari Wibowo, Muh. Wahyu Syabani

PDF 93-98

Pengaruh sistem vulkanisasi konvensional (CV) dan semi efisien (SEV) terhadap sifat aging dan termal vulkanisat campuran karet alam dan karet butil Arum Yuniari, Muhammad Sholeh, Ihda Novia Indrajati

PDF 99-106

Sifat fisik, kimia, dan morfologik kulit jaket kambing tersamak menggunakan krom hasil recovery air limbah penyamakan Sri Sutyasmi

PDF 107-114

Pengaruh berbagai jenis penyamakan dan tipe finish terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak (Varanus salvator) Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Sri Sutyasmi, Rihastiwi Setiya Murti

PDF 115-126

2016

Vol 32, No 2 (2016)

Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v32i2

Available online since 22 November 2016

Table of Contents

Articles

Peningkatan ketahanan oksidasi karet alam melalui pengikatan antioksidan 4-aminodifenilamina secara kimia Hani Handayani, Dadi R. Maspanger, Cynthia L Radiman

PDF 65-74

Pengaruh bahan water repellent terhadap morfologi dan sifat-sifat fisika pada pembuatan kulit atasan sepatu ramah lingkungan Prayitno Prayitno, Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Dona Rahmawati

PDF 75-84

Reaksi transfer hidrogenasi minyak jarak kastor serta aplikasinya sebagai bahan pelunak kompon karet Santi Puspitasari, Adi Cifriadi, Krisnawati Krisnawati, Tun Tedja Irawadi

PDF 85-98

Ketahanan n-pentana dan sifat mekanis vulkanisat karet perapat dari campuran karet alam/akrilonitril-butadiena dengan kompatibiliser Norma Arisanti Kinasih, Muhammad Irfan Fathurrohman

PDF 99-110

Utilization of poly(methyl methacrylate) rejection blended with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resins and the effect on product properties Achmad Hanafi Setiawan, Achmad Nandang Roziafanto

PDF 111-116

Kinetika vulkanisasi dan sifat mekanis komposit acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) Arum Yuniari, Ike Setyorini, Hesty Eka Mayasari

PDF 117-124

Karakteristik termogravimetri dan kinetika dekomposisi EPDM dengan bahan pengisi carbon black Hesty Eka Mayasari, Arum Yuniari

PDF 125-134

Acknowledgment

MKKP Vol. 32 No. 2 (2016) Reviewer Acknowledgement   Vol 32, No 1 (2016) Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v32i1 Available online since 20 June 2016 Table of Contents Articles Efektivitas karet alam termoplastik sebagai peningkat indeks viskositas minyak pelumas kendaraan Santi Puspitasari, Muhammad Lutfi Arifianto, Mersi Kurniati PDF 1-12 Reologi, sifat aging, termal, dan swelling dari campuran EPDM/NR dengan bahan pengisi carbon black N220 Arum Yuniari, Dwi Wahini Nurhajati, Indiah Ratna Dewi, Ike Setyorini PDF 13-20 Pemisahan krom pada limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan gelatin dan flokulan anorganik Sugihartono Sugihartono PDF 21-30 Pengaruh mimosa pada penyamakan kulit jaket domba samak nabati menggunakan sistem C-RFP, ditinjau dari sifat organoleptis, fisis, dan morfologi kulit Sri Sutyasmi, Titik Purwati Widowati, Noor Maryam Setyadewi PDF 31-38 Pengaruh perbedaan jumlah penambahan binder uretan dan berbagai motif embossing terhadap kualitas kulit reject Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Prayitno Prayitno, Bidhari Pidhatika, Gresy Griyanitasari PDF 39-50 Blends of nitrile butadiene rubber/poly (vinyl chloride): The use of maleated anhydride castor oil based plasticizer Indiah Ratna Dewi, Ihda Novia Indrajati, Ike Setyorini PDF 51-58 Effect of vulcanization system and carbon black on mechanical and swelling properties of EPDM blends Hesty Eka Mayasari, Arum Yuniari PDF 59-64 Acknowledgment MKKP Vol. 32 No. 1 (2016) Reviewer Acknowledgement   PDF

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Design of Screw Conveyor Models for Waste Water Filter Equipment (Case Study: Laboratory for Development of Tanning and Waste Water Treatment, Center for Leather, Rubber and Plastic)

Tri Rahayu Setyo Utami, M. Rahna Nurhandaru, Teguh Martianto

ABSTRACT

Tanning industry produces large amounts of wastewater which contains much solid particles. If left unchecked, the solids can block the pipe and damage equipments of wastewater treatment plant.Hence, the suspended fine solid must be separated from the wastewater. This engineering activity has generated screw conveyor models for wastewater filter. The specifications of the filter are screw diameter 300 mm, pitch distance 150 mm, shaft diameter 25.4 mm, screw length 1200 mm, tilt angle 250, and screw actual capacity 42.237,99 kg/hour. Propulsion system comprising an inverter, 3 phase, 1 hp electric motors; and gear box. The advantages of this equipment are the effectiveness of filtering up to 90 %, easy operation and maintenance, and the filtered solid is in half dried conditions, so it is easy to store and transport.

Keywords: screening, screw conveyor, wastewater

Full Paper

MANUFACTURING OF CHROME-FREE SHOE UPPER LEATHER

Widari, Rambat, Suparti

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to obtain the process formulation for leather tanning in manufacturing chrome-free upper leather. The tanning process used vegetable tanning material (mimosa), syntan, and combination of vegetable-syntan. The leather were prepared using 25, 30, and 35% of mimosa, 10, 15, and 20% of syntan, and 15:10; 15:15; and 20%:15% of mimosa:syntan. Chrome tanning material 6% was used as control. Based from the results of physical testing according to SNI 0234:2009, the resulting leather met the quality requirements for shoe upper leather. Tanning process with 20% syntan gave the best result.

Keywords: chrome, vegetable, syntan, leather, shoes

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UTILIZATION OF Bacillus megatorium DSM-319 FOR SOAKING PROCESS OF JACKET LEATHER

R. Jaka Susila, Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti, Sri Sutyasmi

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study was to obtain eco-friendly soaking process for goatskin and to shorten the soaking time. The enzyme used in the soaking process was Bacillus megatorium DSM-319, with enzyme concentration of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% and soaking time of 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. Each sample were tested for skin histology observation using photomicrograph, protein concentration analysis, tensile strength, elongation, colour fastness (dry and wet) and flexibility. The results showed that protein content of goat skin was decreased 42.32% after optimum soaking with 1% enzyme for one hour. The results of the physical testing of jacket leather with optimum soaking process met the quality requirements of SNI 4593:2011 Sheep/goat jacket leather.
Keywords: Bacillus megatorium DSM-319, enzyme, soaking, goatskin, jacket

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ADSORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM TANNERY WASTEWATER USING BAGASSE FLY ASH

Rihastiwi Setiya Murti, Christiana Maria Herry Purwanti, Suyatini Suyatini

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to reduce ammonia concentration in tannery wastewater using bagasse fly ash in a batch adsorption system. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dose and contact time. Data analysis was performed by calculating the efficiency of adsorption and fitting the data into Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Correlation coefficient and mean squared error were used to evaluate the performance of the models. From the results, it was found that the operating conditions to achieve an optimum removal efficiency of 45.72% are 1 hour contact time and 2 grams of bagasse fly ash. The results also indicate that the data fits Langmuir model well where Langmuir constant Qo, b, and correlation coefficient were found to be 0.706 mg/g, 0.209 L/mg, and 0.9424, respectively.

Keywords: Ammonia, adsorption, bagasse fly ash, tannery wastewater

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VERMICOMPOSTING OF FLESHING WASTE AT THE TANNERY INDUSTRY

Prayitno

ABSTRACT

A research on utilization of fleshing waste at the tannery industry by vermicomposting have been conducted. The growth media consist of dung, fleshing waste, and stubbles. Ratio of dung and fleshing waste were varied at 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; and 50:50 respectively. All the media were fermented for three weeks and then proceeded by incubation process of earthworm for another six weeks. The changes of the volume per weight of media, the earthworm weight, C, N, and C/N ratio were observed and measured every week. The result showed that media volume per weight value were decreased in direct proportional to weight of the fleshing waste added in the media, those were 1.66; 1.64; 1.53; 1.50; 1.39; and 1.31 cm3/g, respectively. C/N ratio were below 15 for all combination of media ratio after two weeks incubation. The optimum result was achieved for compost with dung and fleshing waste ratio of 60:40.
Keywords: Earthworm, fleshing waste, C/N ratio, vermicomposting.

Full paper

THE USE OF AQUATIC PLANTS (Equisetum hyemale and Echinodorus palaef) IN TANNERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT TO REDUCE POLLUTANT LOAD WITH WETLAND AND ADSORPTION SYSTEM

Sri Sutyasmi, Heru Budi Susanto

ABSTRACT


Wastewater treatment using wetland and adsorption system were carried out to improve the properties of secondary settling pond’ s outlet. The purpose of this research was to reduce pollutant level from the secondary settling pond’s outlet so it could be used in the wetland stage and the treated wastewater could be reused. Wastewater effluent from secondary settling pond was discharged into adsorber and subsequently into wetland by flow rate arrangement. Laboratory simulation was carried out to find out the capacity of aquatic plants in reducing the pollutant level. The result showed that the BOD, COD and TSS value of wastewater from laboratory simulation were 191 mg/l, 6.24 mg/l, and 24 mg/l, and after the wetland stage were 409 mg/l, 10.32 mg/l, and 145 mg/l respectively. The quality of wastewater met the standard SNI 06-0649-1989 Water for tannery.

Keywords: adsorption, aquatic plant, wastewater treatment, wetland 

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THE EFFECT OF SULFUR ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PALE CREPE AND SBR BLENDS USED FOR HEAT RESISTANT RUBBER

Arum Yuniari, Nursamsi Sarengat, Sri Brataningsih Puji Lestari

ABSTRACT
Sulfur plays an important role in the rubber vulcanization process especially in the formation of crosslinks. Heat resistant rubber made from mixing pale crepe and SBR requires the right amount of sulfur as crosslinking agent. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the addition of sulfur on the changes in physical properties before and after aging. Heat resistant rubber was made with variation of pale crepe/SBR: 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50 phr and sulfur variation of 1; 1.5 phr. The results showed that sulfur was influential in the crosslinks formation. The addition of 1 phr sulfur gave higher physical properties of the vulcanized with 1.5 phr sulfur. The changes of physical properties after aging process of the vulcanized with sulfur 1 phr was lower than the vulcanized with sulfur 1.5 phr. Vulcanized pale crepe/SBR (70/30) with 1 phr sulfur could be applied as heat-resistant rubber products.

Keywords: Pale crepe/SBR blends, sulfur, physical properties, heat resistant rubber

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THE EFFECT OF MBTS/ZDEC RATIO ON NATURAL RUBBER AND ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE RUBBER BLENDS PREPARED BY CURATIVES MIGRATION CONTROL TECHNIQUE

Ihda Novia Indrajati, Muhammad Sholeh

Abstract

The objective of this research was to observe the effect of MBTS/ZDEC ratio on dynamic properties, curing characteristic, morphology as well as hardness and resiliency of the NR/EPDM blends prepared by curatives migration control technique. The MBTS/ZDEC ratio were 1.6/0.0; 1.5/0.1; 1.4/0.2; 1.3/0.3 and 1.2/0.4 respectively on a fixed NR/EPDM ratio of 60/40. Compounds (EPDM and NR) were prepared separately using two roll mill. The blends with binary accelerator MBTS/ZDEC showed synergistic activity which provided higher crosslink density than those of single accelerator MBTS. Reduction of ts2 and t90 as well as cure rate index (CRI) indicated the more homogeneous crosslink density distribution within the rubber phase. Scanning electron micrograph showed that the blends with binary accelerator gave smoother surface. Binary accelerator resulted higher hardness. Increasing of ZDEC raised hardness followed by reduction of the resillience property.

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UTILIZATION OF CRUMB RUBBER INDUSTRY SOLID WASTE FOR MAKING COMPOST

Supraptiningsih, Nursamsi Sarengat

Abstract

The objective of the research was to create a compost formula for plant fertilizer. Composts containing 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50 parts of crumb rubber industry solid waste and 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 parts of bran were prepared. The mixing was done by adding 20 ml of molasses and 20 ml of EM4. Moisture content was maintained at 40-60%. The compost was mature in 40 days. The resulting compost was compared to SNI 2803:2010 Solid NPK Fertilizer and Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 70/Permentan/SR-140/10/2011 on Organic Fertilizer. The best compost that met the requirements (except kalium) was the compost with 20 parts of bran, 80, 90, and 100 parts of solid waste. The physical properties of the compost were dark brown similar to the color of the soil, insoluble in water, C/N ratio of 20.74 to 25.44, temperature approximately equal to the ambient, and odorless.

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OPTIMIZATION OF THE REACTION TIME ON THE FORMATION OF STABLE INDOPHENOL BLUE COMPLEX FOR N-AMMONIA ANALYSIS IN THE TANNERY WASTEWATER USING PHENATE METHOD

Rihastiwi Setiya Murti, Christiana Maria Herry Purwanti

Abstract

Optimization of the reaction time on the formation of indofenol blue complex for N-Ammonia analysis in the tannery wastewater using phenate method has been carried out. The aim of the study was to determine the optimum time for complex formation of  indophenol blue. Variations of reaction time were 1; 2; 2,5; 3; and 21 hours. Accuracy and precision were evaluated to determine the feasibility of developing the method. Analysis of N-Ammonia was done by using a spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 630 nm. Optimum reaction time on the formation of indofenol blue complex for ammonia analysis in the tannery wastewater was achieved at a minimum time of 2 hours at the temperature test of 25oC. The accuracy and relative percent different were 90-97% and <5% respectively, met the SNI-6989.30-2005 so that the method was feasible to be developed and used in the laboratory.

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IMPROVEMENT OF TREATED TANNERY WASTEWATER USING CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM VEGETATED WITH Equisetum hyemale

Prayitno, Muhammad Sholeh

 

Abstract

A research of constructed wetland system vegetated with Equisetum hyemale for treating of treated tannery wastewater have been conducted. The constructed wetland was 3 m long, 1 m wide, and 1 m deep or equal with volume of 3 m3. The construction of wetland consisted of 4 main layers (from the bottom to the top): 0.3 m of rock; 0.3 m of gravel; 0.1 m of black sugar-palm fiber; and 0.3 m of sand. The wetland was operated with subsurface flow system (SSF). The detention time was varied at 3.125; 2.083; and 1.563 days. The result showed that the optimum removal were 60.60% for COD with detention time of 3.125 days, 60.17% for BOD with detention time of 2.083 days, 93.76% for TSS with detention time of 3.125 days, 89.02%  for S with detention time of 3.125 days and 96.89% for total chrome wth detention time of 2.083 days.

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UTILIZATION OF WASTEWATER TREATED BY THE WETLAND SYSTEM FOR MAKING GLACE LEATHER

Sri Sutyasmi

Abstract

Tanneries use large quantities of water and produce high pollutant load. Wastewater recycling is an effective way to conserve water supplies. The purpose of this study was to reuse wastewater that has been treated with a wetland system to save water and to apply cleaner production in tannery industry. The treated wastewater was tested in accordance with the test requirements of water used for leather tanning process. The treated wastewater test results met the requirements of SNI 06-0649-1989 Water for the tanning process. Furthermore, treated wastewater was used for leather tanning process with variations of wastewater used were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The resulting leather was tested in accordance with SNI 06-0253-1989 Quality requirement of goat glace leather. The test results met the SNI. Utilization of 75 % wastewater gave the best result.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICAL, RESISTANCE TO FIRE AND BURNING, AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLEND PVC AND LDPE NANOCOMPOSITE

Arum Yuniari

Abstract

The  purpose of the study was to determine the effect of addition of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and flame retardant on mechanical properties, resistant to fire and burning and morphology from the mixture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), LDPE, flame retardant, and nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) as filler. The materials were mixed in laboplastomill at 215 ºC, torque speed 50 rpm, for 10 minutes. Nanocomposite was prepared by PVC/LDPE variations of 100/15; 100/20; 100/25; and 100/30 phr and flame retardant variations of 30 and 35 phr. The results showed that the hihger of LDPE in nanocomposite increased the hardness and impact resistance, however, it decreased the tensile strength, elongation at break, and density. Addition of flame retardant to the nanocomposites showed good resistance to fire and burning, and optimum mechanical properties were found in using of 35 phr flame retardant.The morphology of the nanocomposite, were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed that homogeneous mixture of LDPE dispersed in the PVC matrix. 

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THE PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ABS/PC NANOCOMPOSITES CONTAINING NANOFILLER NPCC

Dwi Wahini Nurhajati, Ike Setyorini, Sugihartono

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of blend ratios of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) in the different amount of nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) on the physical properties of ABS/PC nanocomposites. Nanocomposites were prepared in varied ratio of ABS/PC 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30 and varied amount of NPCC 0; 2.5; and 5 phr (per hundred resin), Nanocomposites were made by melt compounding in the Laboplastomill internal mixer at 200°C for 10 minutes. The SEM micrographs showed homogeneous dispersion of the nanocomposite materials and did not show aglomeration of NPCC. The best nanocomposite was a nanocomposite containing the ABS/PC 90/10 with NPCC 2.5 phr perfomed with impact resistance 5030 J/m2, tensile strength 380.14 kg/cm2, elongation at break 3.59%, density 1.16 g/cm3, and hardness 85 Shore D

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OPTIMATION OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) FISH SKIN FINISHING PROCESS FOR SHOE UPPER

Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti

Abstract

The aims of this study was to get the optimum finishing formulations of tilapia fish skin for shoe upper. The variations of experiment were four factors, namely of the variation of binders (1:2 and 1:3), lacquer water (1:1 and 1:2), plating temperatures (50, 65, 80 and 95°C) and plating time (0.5, 1, and 1.5 seconds). Testing was conducted on tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, stitch strength, softness, and colour fastness. Statistical analysis was conducted using the General Linear Model (GLM) followed by Tukey’s Studentized Range Test (TSRT). The results showed that the optimum formula for finishing were performed by a variation of binder 1:2, lacquer water 1:2, temperature of plating 95°C and time of plating 1.5 seconds, and it was characterized by the physical properties of tensile strength 177.32 kg/cm2, elongation at break 62%, tear strength 41.92 kg/cm, stitch strength 113.06 kg/cm, softness 2.33 and generally met the standard requirements of SNI 0253:2009: Footwear upper leather - goat skin.

Keywords: tilapia fish skin, aqueous top coat, leather finishing.

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KINETICS STUDIES OF NR/EPDM BLENDS VULCANIZATION BASED ON DENG-ISAYEV AND KAMAL-SOROUR MODELS

Ihda Novia Indrajati, Muhammad Sholeh

Abstract

Curing kinetics of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer (NR/EPDM) blends at different ratios of 2,2’-dithiobis(benzothiazole) (MBTS) and zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDEC) were studied. NR/EPDM blends were prepared using curative migration control technique. Kinetics studies employ Deng-Isayev and Kamal-Sorour models and kinetics parameters were evaluated using measured data from Moving Die Rheometer. Rate constant (k) and orders of reaction (n and m) were estimated through multivariable optimization using Matlab and activation energy (E) was determined using Arrhenius relationship. From the results, it is evident that the experimental data were in a good agreement with Kamal-Sorour model. It is also found that autocatalytic mechanism was more controlling than the others as indicated by k2>k1. Results also shows that rate constants were greatly influenced by temperature and the types of accelerator, while orders of reaction were dependent on temperature and independent on the types and amounts of accelerator. Combination of MBTS and ZDEC reduces energy activation of autocatalytic reaction. For desirable rate of curing, its ratio of 1.4 to 0.2 gave the lowest activation energy.

Keywords: kinetics study, vulcanization, NR/EPDM, Deng-Isayev, Kamal-Sorour.

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